森林立地57(2),93~100 2015

Jpn J For Environ 57(2), 93-100, 2015

Short-term impacts of logging residue at thinning on cation dynamics in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest soils in northern Japan

Tsuyoshi Yamada1,Keizo Hirai1, Chisato Takenaka2, Tomohiro Nishizono1 and Tomomasa Amano3

1Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 2Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 3Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute

 The promotion of over-utilization of forest biomass, especially the removal of logging residues, including the nutrient-rich foliage, at whole-tree harvesting, might influence the nutrient status of forest soils and sustainability of site productivity. To de termine the short-term impact of logging residues on forest soils, we conducted thinning with and without logging residue removal (whole-tree harvesting (WTH) and stem-only harvesting (SOH), respectively). Subsequently, we investigated the changes in the dynamics of cations (Ca, Mg, and K) in the soils by using an ion-exchange resin at the WTH and SOH plots of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forests in northern Japan.
 We observed rapid decomposition of logging residues in the O horizon in SOH plot. Further, we found that K ions moved from the O horizon to the surface soil at the early stage of decomposition in the SOH plot, whereas a minor difference in the movement of Ca and Mg ions was noted at the 0- and 50-cm soil depths between the plots. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the amounts of exchangeable cations at the surface soil (0―5-cm depth) between both the plots. Therefore, the difference of the dynamics between Ca and Mg, and K from O horizon to the surface soil was attributed to the difference in the chemical forms. In addition, the balance of exchangeable cations between the input at the 0 cm soil depth and output at the 50 cm soil depth in both the plots revealed less leaching of these cations from the 50 cm soil depth.

 森林バイオマスの過剰な利用,特に全木集材による枝条の収穫が,森林土壌の養分状態や生産性の低下につながる懸念がある。そこで,枝条収穫がスギ林土壌の交換性塩基動態に及ぼす短期的な影響を明らかにするため,48年生のスギ林分において,枝条収穫を伴う間伐を行い,枝条収穫の有無(全木集材(WTH区)と短幹集材(SOH区)の違い)が土壌中の交換性塩基動態に及ぼす影響を隣接する林分で調査した。
 間伐によって林地に還元されたSOH区の枝条は急速に分解した。イオン交換樹脂法を用いて堆積有機物(A0)層から鉱質土壌層および土壌中のCa,Mg,Kの動態を調査したところ,SOH区では枝条分解の初期にKイオンがA0層から土壌層へ移動したことが確認できた一方,Ca,Mgイオンの移動量は両区で差が認められなかった。また表層土壌(0―5cm)中の交換性塩基量にも両区で違いは認められなかった。従って,堆積有機物層から土壌層へ至るCa,MgとK動態の違いは,Kがイオン形態であるのに対し,Ca,Mgの一部はイオン形態ではなく有機態のまま土壌へ移動したことによると推察された。さらに土壌に流入するCa,Mg,Kと土壌から流出するそれらイオンのフラックスを求めたところ,流入は50cm深までの土壌からの流出より多いことが明らかになった。

キーワード: Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica),cation, logging residue,whole-tree harvesting,thinning